Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies-Related Encephalitis

Encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in a child: a treatable condition?

OBJECTIVE To increase the recognition of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies-related encephalitis in childhood. DESIGN Case report and review of the literature. PATIENT A 6-year-old girl who had developed refractory seizures, developmental regression, and type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 25 months. INTERVENTIONS Blood analysis, electroencephalogram, cerebral magnetic resonance imagi...

Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in downbeat nystagmus.

The cause of downbeat nystagmus (DBN) remains undiagnosed in about 40% of patients. This paper reports the presence of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) in a patient with DBN. Antibodies against GABAergic neurons located in the vestibular complex may induce chemical denervation of the floccular neurons, which normally suppress the peripheral imbalance between vertical semicirc...

Time-resolved fluorometric assay for detection of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65).

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by a chronic autoimmune process. Methods are needed for the detection of circulating autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), a major marker of this process. METHODS Streptavidin-coated microtiter plates were incubated with biotinylated GAD65, and after incubation with ser...

Cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) autoantibodies: a rare and puzzling disease.

Pathogenic Roles of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Autoantibodies in Cerebellar Ataxias

Reports suggesting a pathogenic role of autoantibodies directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Abs) in cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are reviewed, and debatable issues such as internalization of antibodies by neurons and roles of epitopes are discussed. GAD65 is one of two enzymes that catalyze the conversion of glutamate to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA...